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In this chapter the examination of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar paraspinal muscles is shown. The innervation and the nerve fibres route, how to test the strength and activate the paraspinal muscles during the EMG examination is described. The needle insertion point is shown and described using anatomical landmarks. By means of anatomical cross sections, oriented according to the perspective of the examiner (the eye in the figure), the relationships among the muscle to be examined and the adjacent muscles/structures are demonstrated. Moreover, it is remarked how to avoid common pitfalls in EMG examination.

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Paraspinal Muscles

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Antonino Uncini,
  • Roberto Eleopra,
  • Paolo Girlanda,
  • Fiore Manganelli,
  • Lucio Santoro

摘要

In this chapter the examination of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar paraspinal muscles is shown. The innervation and the nerve fibres route, how to test the strength and activate the paraspinal muscles during the EMG examination is described. The needle insertion point is shown and described using anatomical landmarks. By means of anatomical cross sections, oriented according to the perspective of the examiner (the eye in the figure), the relationships among the muscle to be examined and the adjacent muscles/structures are demonstrated. Moreover, it is remarked how to avoid common pitfalls in EMG examination.