Macular Surgery for Diabetic Macular Edema

Diabetic macular edemaDiabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in individuals with diabetes. While pharmacological therapies have been the primary approach to managing DME, surgical interventions have gained attention as an alternative or adjunctive treatment option. Given the advanced understanding of the key factors in the development and progression of DME, the rationale for vitrectomyVitrectomy and peeling of the inner limiting membrane seems well circumscribed. Vitreous cells, known as hyalocytesHyalocytes, play an important role in synthesizing the extracellular matrix and regulating the intraocular immune response, thereby modulating inflammation and the release of pro-angiogenic factors in diabetic eyes. This chapter provides an overview of the surgical techniques and innovations in the field of macular surgeryMacular surgery for DME, along with an analysis of their efficacy and safety based on recent research.