Degradation of Synthetic Oils: Physicochemical Viscosity Tests

The oils used in compression-ignition engines involving the running time of the automobiles under certain mileages within the preventive and corrective maintenance, were established as the object of this study, being analyzed the 15w 40 CI synthetic base oil to validate the degradation level of a lubricant in compression-ignition engines. The sample was taken in containers with capacity of 120 ml. International standards were considered the procedures: kinematic viscosity testing, ASTM D 445 Standard; total alkalinity and acidity value, ASTM D 4739/ASTM D 664 Standards; infrared spectrum in used oils, NVE 751 Standard: oxidation, water, sulfation, nitration, fuel, soot; metal content by spectrometry, wear metals, contamination metals and additive metals, ASTM D 6595 Standard; oil spot test. For this study, literary analysis was used based on a comprehensive review of scientific papers, academic impact projects and reports that will make the readers have a clear view of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the lubricant. In the tribology analysis in engine oils, establishing the wear due to the movement of internal motor components, the degradation of a lubricant should be lower to maintain a better performance in a combustion engine, thus establishing a physicochemical test to determine at different mileages its durability with respect to friction and wear in a given sample of the lubricant.