LoRaWAN Applied to WSN as Support for Sustainable Agriculture in Rural Environments. Case Study: Pedro Moncayo Canton, Pichincha Province

This work describes the development of a Long-Range Low-Power Wireless Sensor Network (LPWAN) implemented in a rural environment to monitor environmental variables that influence the growth of grass crops. The sensor node collects and transmits data on soil moisture, UV radiation, temperature, and rainfall in a cultivation area covering 1000 m \(^{2}\) . The data collected by the sensor node is sent to the central node or gateway via LoRa communication, where it is processed and transmitted to a cloud platform called ThingSpeak using the MQTT protocol. The data is displayed in the form of graphs. The analysis, design, implementation, and testing of the wireless link are carried out, and the data is sent to an IoT platform where it is collected, visualized, and analyzed in real-time using MQTT as the central communication protocol. Functional tests are performed, including path loss, receiver power, signal-to-noise ratio, receiver sensitivity, link budget, Fresnel zone, azimuth angle, and elevation angle. Finally, a stable scenario for data transmission and reception is determined, which can be applied to an optimization system for crop cultivation in rural agricultural areas.