Final Thoughts on Entangled Resistances from the Early Modern Iberian Empires

This final text runs through the contributions gathered in the volume to isolate some theoretical remarks for further reflection and research. It departs from Foucault´s qualification of resistance as a manifestation of power enacted by those subjected to it, contextualizing it in the framework of the Early Modern Iberian monarchies, where dissent and contestation typically occurred within the established legal framework. Assessing the relevance of the legal culture as shown in most contributions, it underlines the need to move beyond the perception of resistance solely as a transgression of norms by the resistor. On the other hand, as many contributions confirm that resistors were not passive in the face of the established legal framework, a broad definition of plurinormativity is demanded to comprise the wide array of community behaviors operating in that historical context. This conclusion also highlights identity as a distinct form of value-oriented rationality expressing the need of individuals to ensure a sense of continuity over time. Another concluding remark is that resistance can be seen as a performative act in the face of established power and reproducing collective identities. Finally, several chapters stress the limits of resistance, while others tackle its complex relationships with other forms of protest involving violence, such as revolts.