Causes of Rural–Urban Migration in India with Special Reference to Metropolitan Cities: Structural Equation Modeling Approach

This study investigates the factors contributing to rural–urban migration, such as job opportunities, education, poverty, dwindling agricultural income, and access to social amenities. It introduces fresh perspectives on household economics and government support for agricultural businesses. Through a questionnaire distributed to 384 respondents selected via simple random sampling, primary data was collected. The study utilizes AMOS software for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze complex relationships, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is employed to investigate associations between variables. The results demonstrate a significant positive link between tax incentives and migration's impact on household economics. Furthermore, the research underscores a robust negative correlation between migration causes and household financial well-being. It highlights the significance of the government extending urban social facilities to rural areas and using the findings to enhance social benefits, household economics, and incentives for agro-based businesses, thereby promoting rural development.