Impact of Major Nutrients Fertilizer Application on Soil Pollution and Management Measures

Soil pollutionSoil pollution is the serious global concern as the contamination of soil with uncharacteristic concentration of the toxic and hazardous substances in the soil that harbors many health hazards. Simultaneously the large amount of fertilizersFertilizer used in the agricultural sector causing severe damage to human health and ecosystem. FertilizerFertilizer played a key role in ensuring self sufficiency in food grain production. FertilizersFertilizer alone account for 55% boost in food production. Total nutrient consumption (NPK)—25.58 MT (2018) in India. In the soil, nutrient cycleNutrient cycle is influenced by several factors, such as soil moisture, pH, temperature, biological activity and mineralizationMineralization. High fertilizerFertilizer inputs raise the reactive nitrogen level and phosphorus content in the air, soil and water. Reactive unused nitrogen and phosphorus acts as pollutant to the environment and harms the natural resources and bioaccumulation into food chain. The use of mitigation measures like new age controlled fertilizersFertilizer, slow release fertilizersFertilizer, controlled release fertilizersFertilizer, nano coated fertilizersFertilizer are used to slow down the nutrient leaching has been practiced by farming community globally which added advantage to sustain the fertilizerFertilizer availability in soil for longer time period and reduce the soil pollutionSoil pollution. To the date, the greater efforts taken to reduce the production and consumption of fertilizersFertilizer that moves towards more sustainable agricultural operations. Also greater investments needed in bringing appropriate knowledge on fertilizerFertilizer overuse among the farming communities and create the less polluting economy that shift toward the cleaner soil condition of the country as well.