Closure

This chapter expresses the author’s viewpoints on SE, backed up by many years of research. The difficulties of implementing power system state estimation (SE) are discussed. SE’s characteristics, standing as the pinnacle of complexity and unprecedented challenges, unmatched by any other applications of estimation theory created, are gathered. Aspects such as residual analysis, detectability and identifiability of bad data, criticality analysis, forecasting-aided state estimation, and accessibility of synchrophasors to enhance redundancy are issues addressed. A list of references finishes the chapter.