Ankle Trauma with “Normal” Radiographs

Normal radiographs are a common finding after ankle trauma. Consequently, many authors have defined the “Ottawa ankle rules” to restrict the prescription of ankle radiographs in the ER. However, we believe that this approach may be misleading. This chapter provides a review of various types of ankle sprains (including lateral, medial, anterior, distal tibio-fibular, and mid-tarsal sprains), dislocations of the peroneal tendons, and “hidden” or “unrevealed” fractures (that are not apparent on the initial assessment).