Reincarnation of Total Information Awareness and Edward Snowden’s NSA Leaks

Although the U.S. Congress axed the Information Awareness Office (IAO) and dismantled Total Information Awareness (TIA) in September 2003, TIA did not really cease to exist. Five years later in March 2008, a Wall Street Journal article reported that the National Security Agency (NSA) has been building essentially the same system as TIA for its Terrorist Surveillance Program and other U.S. governmental agencies. Wall Street Journal intelligence correspondent Siobhan Gorman wrote (1):