Integrated and Hybrid Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES) for Wastewater Treatment

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are cutting-edge technologies in the field of wastewater remediation that offer additional advantages of simultaneous recovery of valuable resources. BESs are characterized by advanced oxidation processes such as bioelectro-Fenton (BEF), which integrates interdisciplinary concepts between biology, biophysics, and biochemistry. The BEF system utilizes electrons generated from bioelectrochemical systems for the treatment of wastewater. Bioelectro-Fenton system is an environmentally benign treatment option with notable advantages such as high efficiency without sludge accumulation, low toxicity, mild operational conditions, and low in energy consumption. However, despite having promising potential, BEF systems encounter several challenges that need to be addressed. These challenges include high power density, H2O2 concentration, selection of suitable cathode materials, adequate Fe2+ concentration and pH regulation. In addition to BEF, microbial biocatalysts are also integrated within BESs for the effective removal of emerging contaminants from the water matrix. The primary objective of this book chapter is to highlight the recent demonstrations pertaining to the removal of refractory organic pollutants from wastewater using BESs. Traditional wastewater treatment technologies often fail to adequately remove these persistent pollutants, leading to their discharge into the environment without proper treatment. In this chapter application of BESs is discussed in terms of their effectiveness in removing and degrading emerging contaminants. Furthermore, the various factors influencing the performance of BESs are summarized. This book chapter aims to assist researchers in developing more efficient BESs to remove emerging contaminants from wastewater.