Effects of the Biosynthesis of Radiofrequency and Microwave-Radiation-Absorbing Polymer on Eukaryotic Cells

The original reason for inserting a plant nitrate reductase gene in mammalian then human cells was to duplicate the diazoluminomelanin biosynthesis seen in bacteria. Initially, we thought certain cell lines could naturally produce diazoluminomelanin (DALM)-like luminescent polymers because they possessed inducible redox enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine diphosphate (NADPH) oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and tyrosinase. HL-60 human granulocyte precursor (promyelocytes) cells and RAW 264.7 mouse monocytic/macrophage cells were the candidates, and other cell lines that were not expected to produce DALM were selected as controls. These two cell lines yielded luminescence. We went on to genetically introduce plant nitrate reductase into a variety of cell types. The gene not only enhanced or endowed the ability to produce DALM but also dramatically changed the phenotypes of these genetically modified cells. Finally, these changes and the additional genes introduced were tested for antiviral effects.