Turkey’s Black Sea Policies (1991–2023) and Changing Regional Security Since the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

This chapter deals with the historical context and evolving dynamics of Turkey’s security policies in the Black Sea region. It discusses Turkey’s efforts to promote regional cooperation as a tool to contain Russia and preserve the regional balance of power, as well as its responses to challenges, including Russia’s recent aggression and further Western involvement. The chapter also addresses the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 on Turkey’s Black Sea policies, arguing that Turkey aims to balance its relationships with Russia and other regional actors while seeking to maintain stability and security in the Black Sea region.