Over the past few decades, tremendous interest in optical qubits and systems has arisen, not the least because of the interest in quantum communications systems. Obviously, when one talks about communications over fibers or even through free space, optical methods are implied (most current fiber systems, to the home, as well as for long distances, use quartz fibers and infrared lasers). The connection to nanoelectronics lies in the existence of integrated optical systems; e.g., situations in which the optical system is created on a single chip by normal semiconductor fabrication techniques. However, a complete description of the quantum information world extends beyond just integrated optical chips. In this concept, it is necessary to more fully discuss optical qubits themselves as they may well differ from the forms taken by other qubits. Indeed, often the most basic form lies with the Jaynes-Cummings model already discussed in Chap. 2 [1].