Bioremediation, Phytoremediation and Mycoremediation of Wastewater

Environmental contamination by pollutants from the most varied origin are the major concern of governments and researchers since a long time ago. The wastewater is a potential source of pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, pathogens and so on, that, if not properly removed, can achieve surface and groundwater resources, and put in risk the health of various organisms. The strategies to prevent this situation is to improve the wastewater treatment systems. In this sense, the bioremediation, phytoremediation and mycoremediation are promising biological alternatives to breakdown or degrade pollutants present in wastewater. Thus, the present chapter will address the most efficient alternatives on wastewater treatment using biological routs, highlighting its advantages, disadvantages, and possibilities for byproducts production. Additionally, it brings a critical review of current research updates in this issue, its potential opportunities, and finally challenges associated with it.