Finite Element Modelling (FEM) of the Asymmetric Friction Connection (AFC) with Belleville Springs (BeSs): Ongoing Developments of Bolt and BeS Modeling

The Sliding Hinge Joint (SHJ) is a low-damage beam-column connection used in steel moment-resisting frames. It allows large beam-column rotation to occur with minimal damage, through sliding in asymmetric friction connections (AFCs) that are located at the web bottom bolt and bottom flange levels. AFC is the friction seismic energy dissipating component of the SHJ. Following a set of experiments and analytical research, modifications to improve the performance of the AFC were proposed, especially in terms of reducing the post-earthquake loss of strength and stiffness. These included using partially deflected Belleville Springs (BeS) designed and manufactured to fit the purpose. This paper reports the ongoing development of finite element modelling of the AFC with and without BeSs utilizing ABAQUS software including challenges and the solutions implemented. These challenges encompass modeling BeS in isolation to validate results with experimental data provided by the manufacturer. Additionally, threaded and non-threaded bolts were modeled, and the more effective methodology for bolt modeling was determined for ongoing research. This process involves a direct comparison employing analytical formulas and evaluating the computational demands of these methodologies.