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Endotoxin and External Bacteria Toxins

  • Awatif Mohamed Alhassan Hadad,
  • Ghada Ahmed ELHag,
  • Isam M. Abu Zeid,
  • Abdel Moneim Elhadi Sulieman

摘要

Toxin (poison or venom) is any substance that will cause harm to a person or animal when exposed to the body in any way whatsoever. It is a substance that could cause any form of illness or death if ingested, inhaled, or exposed through the skin, eyes, or bites. It is essential to know that toxins can come in many forms, including solid, liquid, compressed gases with cans, and invisible gases. Therefore, poison may enter the body in many different ways. Various types of bacterial toxins had been reported and then classified mainly into internal and external toxins; in addition, the diphtheria toxin was the first bacterial toxin discovered in the culture filtrates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in 1888. Within the next eight years, tetanus toxin and botulinum neurotoxin were detected in Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum culture filtrates, respectively. Some human pathogens are transmitted through food, while others can be sent via several routes.