Optimized Intelligent PID Controller for Propofol Dosing in General Anesthesia Using Coati Optimization Algorithm

General anesthesia is an essential component of any surgical procedure, requiring careful monitoring and precise control. Administering the correct dosage is crucial to ensure the patient remains adequately anesthetized. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model that clarifies the interactions between the administered drug and patient’s response was used. In this paper, we introduce an optimized PID controller to automate the control of general anesthesia and adjust the infusion rate of the drug using the bispectral index (BIS) as the process variable. We tuned one PID controller for each individual patient and tested it on a group of 8 virtual patients. The controller utilizes the Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA) to optimize the PID controller parameters. Simulation period was 250 s and results were obtained using MATLAB software. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the controller in accurately assessing and regulating the Depth of Hypnosis (DOH).