Stadium Antennas Deployment Optimization

The stadium is divided into sectors. Each sector is split into cells. Users in the cells must be provided with a certain quality of signal from antennas assigned to their sector. Our goal is to select antenna types, their location, assignment to sectors, and orientation to optimize the signal distribution, measured by three different metrics under some technical constraints. The quality metrics are signal quality, average signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), and consistency. Each variant of antenna deployment is evaluated by a simulator. Thus, we deal with a constrained black-box optimization problem with three objectives. To tackle the problem, we design a three-stage algorithmic approach. In the first stage, we apply a fast constructive heuristic. Later on, a local improvement procedure is called. Finally, a VNS metaheuristic is used to get high-quality solutions. The approach demonstrates strong performance and ability to improve signal quality by 7% and SINR by at least 14% without worsening the given consistency threshold for test instances with up to 7 antenna types, 19 sectors, and 4426 cells.