Developing and Constructing the Physical and Safety Environment of an Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitalization Unit

This chapter explores best practices for the design and construction of the physical environment of an inpatient psychiatric unit (IPU). These physical space considerations emphasize features to reduce injury and harm and mitigate safety risks for patients and staff. Specific design elements discussed include eliminating ligature risks and safety considerations for non-suicidal self-harm, violence and aggression/assault against others, elopement, and events involving hazardous items. Best practices for the architectural and physical construction of IPUs to promote safety and psychological well-being will be introduced. These features include the design of the building, secure access to the unit, and the physical layout and shape of the unit, highlighting practices within the design for access, visibility, occupancy standards, flexible spaces, and stress-reduction features. Interior design elements will also be discussed, including materials and construction considerations for safety and durability, as well as best practices for furnishings. Information about interior design features will emphasize ways to enhance safety on the IPU by discussing specific items permitted on the unit, with a focus on safety for patients and staff. In addition, several examples and applications of these design features will illustrate how to construct a physically safe and therapeutic inpatient psychiatric unit.