Health Disparities and Inequities in Epilepsy

This chapter explores health disparities and inequities in epilepsy, highlighting the complex and multifaceted factors that contribute to unequal access to healthcare and outcomes for individuals with epilepsy. Social determinants of health, such as poverty, lack of insurance, and limited access to healthcare, have significant impacts on epilepsy care and management. Individuals living in poverty are more likely to have epilepsy, have uncontrolled seizures, and experience higher rates of unemployment and social stigma. Racial and ethnic disparities exist in epilepsy prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Black individuals are more likely to be diagnosed with epilepsy and have uncontrolled seizures than white individuals, while Asian Americans have the lowest prevalence of epilepsy. These disparities are influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, healthcare access, and cultural beliefs. Health disparities are also observed in specific populations, including children, older adults, the LGBTQIA+ community, and immigrants. Children with epilepsy from minority backgrounds experience higher rates of seizure-related injuries and hospitalizations. Older adults with epilepsy face challenges with medication adherence and access to specialized care. The LGBTQIA+ community experiences stigma and barriers to care, while immigrants may face language and cultural barriers. Climate change is emerging as a potential contributor to health disparities in epilepsy. Extreme weather events and natural disasters can disrupt access to healthcare and medication, increasing the risk of seizures and exacerbating health inequities. Addressing health disparities and inequities in epilepsy requires a multipronged approach that includes improving access to healthcare, reducing poverty, addressing stigma, and promoting health equity for all populations affected by epilepsy. Collaboration between healthcare providers, policymakers, and community organizations is crucial to achieve equitable outcomes for individuals with epilepsy.