Neuroimmunology

Multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody disease are neuroimmunologic disorders associated with a high risk of disability. MS and NMOSD, in particular, have a high incidence and prevalence among Black and Hispanic/Latinx people, and carry a worse prognosis in these same populations, when compared to White people. In this chapter, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding disparities in neuroimmunologic disorders. Available knowledge regarding other at-risk groups, including gender minorities and children, will also be described. Additionally, we present potential solutions to address the needs of underrepresented individuals with neuroimmunologic disorders, and strategies to implement effective and inclusive interventions within these populations.