Technology and Limitations
摘要
Technology is constantly improving. However, it always has some limitations. In order to understand the reasons behind this, this chapter covers the physical aspects of technology starting at the system level down to the device level. The chapter discusses the materials used, the fabrication process, and the limitations including process variations, parasitics, and electromigration. Additionally, reliability and aging are also discussed along with heat management. This chapter concludes with an overview of past, present, and future trends in technology advancement.