Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus in Wounds and Their Role in Antimicrobial Resistance

One of the most common contaminants of skin wounds is Staphylococcus aureus. The article is discussing recent publications in the success of Staphylococcus aureus to inhabit and contaminate injuries and become the main reason for wound healing delay. The wound healing steps -in healthy tissues- were explained with emphasis on how the bacteria -if contaminating the wound- will develop a biofilm aggregate to strengthen and support its presence inside wound and to impair antibiotics and toxins effects. Also, mechanisms of nutrients transport within the biofilm were shown. It is able to form a biofilm inside wounds to escape phagocytes and diminish infiltration of antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides. It may inhibit collagen availability, fibroblasts and also keratinocytes migration rather than the development of a capsule to protect against and evade immune cells and complement. Also, the article presents the repertoire of Staphylococcus aureus proteins and toxins used by the bacteria to impair the wound healing process.