A Digital Twin Framework for Industry 4.0/5.0 Technologies

Industry 4.0 Paradigm unleashed tremendous opportunities to boost economical and societal transitions for the business and improved living standards of society, while Industry 5.0 is extending previous technological breakthrough in steering transformation, stimulating industry and society to be human-centric, sustainable, resilient, and green. Digital Twins, in turn, play a key role as enabler in such transformation. Heterogeneity of manufacturing technologies imposes specific challenges in developing and adopting Digital Twins. The main goal of this paper is to propose, assess and justify a robust and open framework of Digital Twins for manufacturing technologies, such as collaborative and mobile robots, as well as subtractive manufacturing machines. A framework eventually can be used by SME, while also in Educational and Research Institutions.