The Retrovirus Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1)

Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that has a long history that has been recognized as a causative agent of adult T cell leukemia (ATL) (Hinuma et al. PNAS 78(10):6476, 1981). Although it is a very focused disease, located mainly in Japan, Africa, some Caribbean islands, and South America, its importance lies in the generation of cancer cells. In this chapter, we focused on the history and the main characteristics of this retrovirus, approaching the mechanisms that are used to propagate through cells, as well as the global epidemiology and current prevalence around the world, and set down particular emphasis on the consequences that patients suffer when contracting this virus. Finally, although the current treatments are not completely effective, we will present some possible treatments that are still being tested and investigated with a view to finally obtaining an adequate treatment.