Optimization of the Experimental Design Parameters for Synthesis of Minoxidil Loaded Transethosomes as Nano-based Hair Growth Vesicles

The most commonly used over-the-counter hair growth promoter Minoxidil requires novel and enhanced drug delivery systems specifically targeted for deeper transdermal delivery through hair follicles. The present study focuses on the formulation of minoxidil loaded transethosomes and optimization of the parameters involved in experimental design. Minoxidil Transethosomes were developed using Thin Film Hydration Method, and varying concentrations of primary constituents were tested to establish the effect on resulting formulation. The independent variables that were studied include concentration of Phosphatidylcholine (PC), choice and ratio of the surfactant and percentage of ethanol. The formulations were coded from MT-1 to MT-12 and tested for entrapment efficiency, drug release kinetics, vesicle size and zeta potential. It was determined through rigorous evaluation that an increase in PC concentration significantly enhances entrapment efficiency, vesicle size and stability. Similarly, increasing the concentration of ethanol up to an optimized limit reduces vesicle size, provides strong anionic character and improves entrapment efficiency. It was observed that transethosomes formed by using Span 80 were not homogenous, while those formed from Tween 80 were highly stable due to its better solubilization. Therefore, the optimized concentration of 30% ethanol and 3% PC solution, with Tween 80 in the ratio of 15% was deemed apt for the synthesis of transethosomes.