Coal Transitions in Europe

In this chapter, we will look at three European countries where coal use is decreasing and observe how the transition from coal impacted their economy, environment, and public health. This chapter describes efforts to create a just transition in the former mining communities of south Wales, Germany’s Ruhr Valley, and the Jiu Valley of Romania. As we look at these regions, we will provide a brief overview of factors that have led to the decline of the coal industry. Then we will examine government incentives and grassroots movements to transition from coal in former mining communities. This chapter also describes examples of organizations and leaders who are spearheading efforts to transition these communities to sustainable alternatives.