State-of-the-Art Analysis of Cuffless Methods for Blood Pressure Measurement

Hypertension is a common disease that requires early diagnosis, treatment, and careful monitoring. Far from risky invasive procedures, contact-based and contactless measurement methods without a cuff show the potential to detect blood pressure disorders and thus to prevent cardiovascular diseases. In addition to methods that evaluate pulse wave velocity based on pulse transit time and pulse arrival time camera-based methods rely on color changes of the skin. Innovative approaches such as transdermal optical imaging can even be applied via the patient's smartphone. This paper presents current research approaches and methods of cuffless, noninvasive, and contactless blood pressure measurement and discusses their advantages and accompanying challenges.