Overview of Non-invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Techniques

The number of people with diabetes is increasing. Diagnosis involves measuring blood glucose levels, which can cause physical and psychological stress. Non-invasive methods of blood glucose measurement are being investigated to reduce the stress associated with self-monitoring, such as repeated finger pricking. A literature review was conducted to present and discuss the current state of research. The results of the analysis show that there are optical, acoustic, electrochemical, and bioimpedance methods for non-invasive glucose measurement that provide promising measurement results.