Obesity and Inflammation Lead to Insulin Resistance and Cancer—A Systematic Review

Adipose tissueAdipose tissue mass is increased in obeseObese people due to the increasing size and number of adipocytesAdipocytes. It significantly changes the adipocytokines and inflammatory mediators secretion that causes inflammationInflammation and insulin resistanceInsulin resistance. This chapter aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in adipose tissueAdipose tissue mass and inflammationInflammation as well as their genetic linkage with cancerCancer and insulin resistanceInsulin resistance. Previous studies recognized various inflammatory disordersInflammatory disorder that were developed in fatty persons due to the elevated level of inflammatory mediators, which contributes to the cabalistic role in the development of the disease. Furthermore, some factors, including leptinLeptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, adiponectinAdiponectin, and so on, all contribute to carcinogenesis and carcinogenic progression. In addition, cytokines in obeseObese adipose tissueAdipose tissue promote the spread out of tumor cells, increasing metastatic potential. The elevated cytokine level is also associated with a worse outcome. Genetic associationGenetic association between different types of obesity susceptibility genes, including FTO, MC4R, Neurexin 3 (NRX3), ESR1, KCTD15, PNPLA3, and SAMM50 genes, and the risk of various cancersCancer was also found in this article. This chapter also demonstrates the possible mechanism by which obesity is connected to a variety of disorders, including inflammationInflammation, diabetesDiabetes, and cancerCancer. The knowledge of these mechanisms may help to understand the consequences of obesity.