Genetic Variants Connected to the Obesity

In many parts of the world today, obesity is considered to be an epidemic. Globally, both developed and developing nations are becoming concerned about it. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that 167 million adults and children will be affected by obesity by 2025 due to the disease’s continued rise in prevalence. Moreover, it leads to the development of several comorbidities, including type 2 diabetesType 2 diabetes, cancerCancer, fatty liver diseasesFatty liver disease, hypertensionHypertension, hormonal disturbancesHormonal disturbances, cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease, and inflammatory disordersInflammatory disorder. Despite the fact that a variety of factors, including genetic, dietary, lifestyle, and environmental factors, are to blame for this metabolic complicationComplications, obesity is the result of an interaction between environmental and innate biological factors. Genetic variation significantly affects how individuals respond to an “obesogenicObesogenic” environment. Obesity is frequently broken down into subgroups like monogenic, syndromicSyndromic, and polygenicPolygenic or common obesity based on genetic etiology. More than 11 genes have been identified as causative genes of monogenic obesityMonogenic obesity. Some of the most crucial genes among them are POMC, LEP, LEPR, PCSK1, and MC4R. PolygenicPolygenic or common obesity is associated with mutations in several genes, including TFAP2B, CYP27A1, IFNGR1, PARK2, UCP2 and UCP3, ADRB1-3, SLC6A14, NPY, MC3R, and FTO. Candidate geneCandidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS)Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are the most important resources for researching polygenic obesityPolygenic obesity. GWASGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) has confirmed the association of a number of new loci with the pathogenesis of obesity. These loci can be found in several genes, including the SH2B1, FTO, MC4R, KCTD15, NEGR1, and TMEM18 genes. Studying the epigeneticEpigenetic mechanisms involved in obesity is necessary to learn more about the genetic variantGenetic variant linked to the disease.