Systems Thinking in Safety Causation Analysis in Sociotechnical Systems

This chapter investigates the paradigm shift in accident analysis, moving from traditional linear models to a holistic and systemic approach rooted in Systems thinking. Traditional methods, designed for risk assessment and system analysis, often decompose systems into components. However, such approaches face limitations in addressing the complexities of modern sociotechnical systems. Systems Thinking methods provide a contemporary perspective, viewing systems as whole with interconnected components and dynamic interactions. This chapter explores fundamental principles of systems thinking, detailing its application in accident analysis. The chapter introduces tenets identified from various accident analysis models, highlighting vertical integration, constraints, emergence, normal performance, performance variability, coupling, feedback loops, sensitive dependence on initial conditions, decrementalism, and the contribution of the protective structure. These principles offer a comprehensive understanding of accidents within complex sociotechnical systems. It concludes by emphasizing the applicability of systems thinking to diverse industrial and societal activities, underscoring its role in addressing emergent properties like accidents, risks, and behaviors. In examining systems thinking in accident analysis, the chapter underscores its effectiveness in providing a holistic view, identifying patterns, and fostering resilience and adaptability.