These days, the food industry is giving special attention to developing, designing, and manufacturing distinctive, complex, and aesthetically pleasing new food products with desired shape, texture, and flavor as well as functional and nutritional food formulations for specific diets. 3D food printing has become a very relevant innovative technology for this purpose where personalized, nutritious and safe food of excellent quality could be attained. There is no question 3D printing technology is considered one of the most promising strategies for the smart homes of the future where the food is prepared by remote commands. This chapter provides a thorough overview of the current applications of 3D food printing which is gaining more and more interest in the food manufacturing sector. A particular focus is placed on the fundamentals of extrusion-based 3D printing, the most commonly used technique. Emphasis is given to the optimization of processing parameters as well as to the analysis of selected materials properties that are relevant to advance the 3D printing technology in the food domain.