Bangladesh, a densely populated South Asian country, is grappling with recurring floods and droughts due to its geographical features, monsoon climate, and proximity to major rivers. In Rajshahi District, floods and droughts are frequent natural occurrences that have a substantial impact on the area’s environment, economy, and residents’ quality of life. There is still a lack of extensive research on this subject at the regional level. Addressing this gap is crucial for enhancing disaster-mitigating risks, and building resilience, as it helps identify unique vulnerabilities within each upazila. This study evaluates flood and drought vulnerability in Rajshahi District using regionalization techniques and GIS-based tools, providing local insights for better disaster mitigation and resource allocation. The study assesses the vulnerability of flood in Rajshahi district by focusing on the factors of flood frequency, riverine area, and low land area. And it also identifies the vulnerable areas of drought by considering the existing situation of groundwater table, irrigation, and soil type. It identifies high-risk areas for disaster preparedness and response planning. The study also examines temporal vulnerability, considering historical and projected climate trends. The resultant data analysis according to the method of formal regionalization and GIS-based analysis including primary and secondary data, indicates that Rajshahi is more prone to drought than flood. The findings of this study offer crucial insights for planning sustainable development, concentrating on the three most vulnerable upazilas, Bagha, Charhgat, and Godagari, ensuring water delivery, reducing disaster risk, and aiding in decision-making to enhance resilience and mitigate drought's negative effects.