Bio- and Inorganic Fouling

FoulingFouling is generally undesirable for most applications (Bhushan 2016, 2017). FoulingFouling includes biological foulingFouling (commonly referred to as biofoulingBiofouling) and inorganic foulingInorganic fouling. BiofoulingBiofouling is the accumulation of unwanted biological matter on surfaces, with biofilmsBiofilms created by microorganismsMicroorganisms, and macroscaleMacroscale biofoulingBiofouling (simply called macrofouling) created by macroorganisms.