Space Governance Frameworks and the Role of AI and Quantum Computing

Satellites have advanced from scientific wonders to vital components of our daily lives in modern society. These defined “artificial objects” provide worldwide communication, accurate navigation, Earth observation, national security and many more crucial services in our interconnected world. However, as our reliance on satellite technology grows, so do cybersecurity concerns. The growing dependence on satellite technology necessitates the development of a comprehensive governance policy or framework to effectively oversee satellite operations, management, and data transmission. The rapid increase in satellite launches by governments, commercial organisations, and international organisations has prompted concerns regarding space debris, orbital congestion, and potential security risks. The demand for satellite governance is driven by the diminishing dimensions and exponential proliferation of satellites within the Earth's orbit. Satellite structures are susceptible to the presence of vulnerabilities that can be exploited in their nodes and linkages. The importance of satellite ground systems in the context of cybersecurity is frequently disregarded in conversations about satellite security. This chapter aims to critically review the current state of the research in the field and examine the establishment of a global regulatory framework for satellites, given the current absence of such a framework. This chapter will also examine the impact of AI-based cyber-attacks and the role of quantum computing on satellites and the attempt to propose feasible mitigating strategies.