Uncontrolled Hypertension

Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to the onset of cardiovascular, renovascular, and cerebrovascular end-organ damage and is often found in patients with primary central nervous system injury. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed for the development of hypertension and its progression to hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. Short-acting and rapid-onset vasoactive agents are often needed for acute management while avoiding subsequent hypotension and end-organ ischemia. A review of uncontrolled hypertension, its pathophysiology, mechanisms of onset, and organ-specific injuries with treatment considerations is provided.