Hypotension and Shock

Shock is a common finding in critical illness that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Shock results from inadequate delivery of oxygen leading to tissue hypoxia and end-organ damage. Through prompt diagnostic evaluation and appropriate therapies that also aim to minimize secondary injury, poor outcomes in the setting of shock can be minimized. Shock in the setting of central nervous system (CNS) injury results in unique challenges to the clinician. Pathophysiologic responses unique to the CNS must be understood in order to properly treat a wide spectrum of CNS pathology—this pathophysiology is particularly key in minimizing further injuries in the CNS-injured patient. The appropriate treatment of hypotension and shock can help maintain adequate CNS physiologic functions and lead to better outcomes.