Smart Energy Components—Foundation of a Decentralised Energy Supply

This paper explores the concept of “smart energy” as a pivotal element in achieving an intelligent and decentralized energy supply. The term encompasses various energy generation, storage, power transmission, and consumption control technologies. The transition from centralized to decentralized power generation introduces challenges to grid stability, requiring innovative solutions. The paper emphasizes the importance of smart grids, smart meters, and smart homes in dynamically managing energy consumption and generation. It discusses the components of smart energy and the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) in creating an “Internet of Energy.” Additionally, the paper addresses hurdles such as the smart meter rollout, grid stability, sector coupling, energy efficiency, dynamic tariff design, and energy storage. The role of Power-To-X processes and the potential of different storage technologies, including compressed air storage and Power-To-Gas, are explored. The paper concludes by highlighting the need to overcome these hurdles to establish a functional smart energy system and ensure a successful energy transition.