A Conceptual Framework for Design for Adaptability Based on Modularity, DfMA, Digital Design, and Fabrication

Many issues arise from inefficient construction methods, including health hazards, increased costs, time waste, and substandard quality. The circular economy (CE) concept and design for adaptability (DfAd) are both practical long-term strategies to address obsolete and ineffective construction practices and increase usability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Designing for circularity through adaptability is more sustainable and environmentally friendly, enabling the user to extend the building's lifespan and respond to the changes. This study uses Design Science Research methodology to leverage the role of modularity through digital design and fabrication based on DfMA principles. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that outlines a systematic approach to designing an adaptable building system drawing on insights from previous research. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration between designers, engineers, fabricators, and other stakeholders to enable rapid prototyping, iteration, and customization. The present research consists of four steps beginning by exploring current approaches and procedures for analyzing adaptable buildings. In the second step, a systematic literature review identifies and illustrates the roles and relations of different adaptability enablers using MAXQDA as a qualitative data analysis tool to code and analyze scientific papers. The findings support the idea of complementarity between modularization, on the one hand, and digital design and fabrication, on the other, in adapting to low and high-frequency changes, increasing the adaptability and flexibility of buildings. As a concluding point, the proposed conceptual framework has the potential to bridge DfAd enablers and customer requirements, ensuring that the design solutions meet the customers’ needs.