Information and Informational Organization of the Living Structures: From Decision Making to Decisional Big Data-Assisted Informational Era

On the basis of a new concept defined as matter-related information, coherently allowing to approach the structuration and functioning of the living organisms, this chapter approaches the development of informational concepts for suitable modeling of the fundamental processes in living organisms, starting with the eukaryotic cell, the living constituent unit of human, animals and plants, up to human, the most complex/developed organism on the organizing/evolutionary scale. For this, there are described in informational terms the typical processes of structuration/destructuration in cell and the reactive informational response on the associated pathway/circuit, starting from surface receptors as info-input sensors to terminal target—genes, for their activation/inhibition, by means of the transitory chain of informational reactions acting as transduction, decision and command of execution. In the multicellular organisms, information is transduced in a similar way in successive steps from sensors toward target, which at human and subhuman organisms is the brain, activating the mind and consciousness. This analysis allows to describe the informational system of human and living structures (ISHLS) in terms of info-communication, showing that decision, corroborated with memory, are the fundamental processes of body structuration in an automatic way. They are also deeply involved in adaptation for survival under conjuncture/circumstantial conditions. This informational model of human and living structures (IMHLS), well supported by the experimental studies and evidences, allows to understand in real—informational terms, the structuration and functioning of living organisms on the entire evolutionary/organization scale, contributing to the openness and development of a new line of investigation, converging together with the artificial intelligence toward a common constructive action for life defense and a safe and healthy society in the present informational era.