Navigating Educational Turbulence: A Systematic Literature Review on Challenges Faced by Islamic Education Amid the Pandemic

The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic extends to various aspects of society, with education being notably affected. Islamic education, in particular, has encountered substantial difficulties due to the pandemic. The closure of Islamic schools leads the transition to remote learning have disrupted conventional methods of providing Islamic education. Consequently, Islamic educational institutions have had to adjust to new and unfamiliar teaching and assessment approaches to ensure educational continuity. This has underscored the necessity of incorporating digital innovation in Islamic education. Addressing these challenges involves establishing effective policy frameworks, surmounting adoption hurdles, and ensuring that technological integration aligns with Islamic religious values. This review critically outlines the key challenges faced by Islamic education both before and after the pandemic and critically assesses potential solutions presented in the literature. Initially, 547 articles published on Scopus between 2018 and 2023 were identified, and 12 out of 67 articles were selected for review based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. These criteria encompassed significant findings detailing challenges experienced by students and teachers. The review delves into the unique challenges encountered by Islamic educational institutions in adapting to remote learning prior to and following the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it examines potential solutions to address these challenges, emphasizing the importance of quality teaching, teacher development, and infrastructure improvement.