Indicators to Measure Smart Education in Bahrain Higher Education Institutions

The emergence of new technologies has given rise to the concept of smart education, which has become a global phenomenon. The main goals of smart education are to improve the quality of education, increase the availability of inclusive and lifelong learning opportunities, and establish a learner-centered environment tailored to individual needs. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) worldwide are moving in different paces towards integrating advanced technologies in their systems and allow smart education. This unequal progress can be resolved by having an indicator system to evaluate, monitor, and benchmark the performance of HEIs and guides decision-making. This paper introduces a set of composite indicators, guided by the OECD approach for developing composite indicators, following an intensive review and analysis of published work. These indicators are designed to assess the extent to which HEIs in Bahrain have appropriate infrastructure, planning and implementation mechanisms for smart education, which would assist and guide HEIs and education policy makers to further develop and enhance the national education system and strengthen HEIs resilience and sustainability.