Mathematical Models and Computational Approaches for Assessing Water Quality in Rural Area of India

Water, one of the valuable resources of nature, nurtures and takes care of almost all forms of life, without which life is impossible. Once known to be abundant in quantity, potable water is now scarce for a variety of reasons, growing population, climate change, increasing levels of pollution, and urbanization being some of them. Irrespective of the great importance and irreplaceable nature that it holds, humans have taken it for granted, making it now a scarce resource that should be used judiciously. Water pollution is one of the major causes involved in the wastage of huge amounts of water, leading to devastating effects not only on the lives of humans, but also possess threat to the lives of other coexisting living beings on the planet. Water pollution not only limits the amount of potable water, but also spreads waterborne diseases and causes various other health problems which can cause temporary or permanent impairment. To achieve the utmost simplicity and accuracy in understanding problems related to the quality of water and to assess water quality, several results mathematical models and computational approaches are designed and implemented which are a means of finding the best social, economic, and efficient solutions to water problems. This chapter will highlight various statistical, mathematical, and computational models that are potent enough to tackle the above-mentioned issues related to water and assess the quality of water with special emphasis on the most current topics.