The Role of Sex and Gender Differences in Psychosocial Treatment Strategies for Autism Spectrum Disorder

For individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), many interventions exist that address symptoms of the disorder and related conditions, with promising to high levels of effectiveness. However, despite an accumulating body of research on sex differences in ASD, very few interventions have been developed with careful consideration of these sex differences and how these differences may inform treatment delivery. Following a brief summary of research on sex differences in the expression and experiences of individuals with ASD, this chapter reviews the most common interventions for ASD, focusing on implications for females on the autism spectrum. Consideration for how existing interventions may be adapted to be accessible and pertinent to girls and women with ASD, and meet their specific needs, is addressed. Further, the paucity of research on this topic is highlighted, and recommendations for further research are discussed.