Microplastic Detection and Analytical Methods in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles that are smaller than 5 mm in size. Because these particles can carry toxic chemicals, they have a negative impact on ecosystems and human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are regarded as a significant source of MPs released into the environment. MPs that enter aquatic environments with effluent also enter the soil, when sewage sludge is used as fertilizer or sent to a landfill. As a result, it is critical to define MPs correctly. This chapter provides a summary of MPs’ presence in WWTPs as well as their properties and analytical methods (sampling, pretreatment and characterization). For MP analysis in WWTP, numerous research has been conducted and approaches tested. However, the lack of a standard protocol for each sample matrix makes it difficult to compare studies. Matrix-specific standard protocols should be developed to ensure accurate and reliable analysis. This will allow for the comparison of studies performed on the same matrix as well as a more accurate calculation of MP concentrations in the environment. Additionally, in order to manage MP pollution in the environment, treatment processes for MP removal should be initiated in WWTPs.