Low Cost Treatment of Municipal and Domestic Wastewaters by Using Self-forming Dynamic Membrane Technology for Irrigation Purposes

Over the last few decades, there has been increasing interest in the promising self-forming dynamic membrane bioreactor (SFDMBR) technology operated with inexpensive supporting material replacing conventional membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. A self-forming dynamic membrane (SFDM) composes of accumulated biomass and solid particles on the support material, ensuring excellent solid–liquid separation. The most remarkable features of SFDMBR are high flux, low fouling tendency, low investment cost, and ease of filter cleaning. Process performance of SFDMBR is reviewed in this study with respect to pollution removal, dynamic membrane filterability, and operation stability to reveal system efficiency in wastewater treatment. Also, several parameters affecting process performance are presented as a technical overview within the scope of support material properties and operating conditions. In addition, potential uses, and possible benefits of SFDMBR technology in the treatment of domestic/municipal wastewater for irrigation water production are briefly discussed. Lastly, new perspectives are addressed for the enhancement of process efficiency for different types of wastewaters and pilot-scale practical applications for the future.