Safety Layer Design for Improved Glucose Regulation in Artificial Pancreas Systems

People with type 1 diabetes require exogenous insulin delivery to avoid hyperglycemia. Current technology allowed the development of the so-called Artificial Pancreas (AP) or Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) Systems. These systems consist of a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) connected to a subcutaneous insulin pump through a control algorithm that calculates the required insulin dose according to the CGM readings. However, there are still several technological limitations that make full closed-loop control a challenge. In order to aid closed-loop algorithms, most AP systems count with hyper- and hypoglycemia protection modules. In this work, the hyper- and hypoglycemia protection modules from the Automatic Regulation of Glucose (ARG) algorithm, an AP closed-loop algorithm developed by our research group, are redesigned in order to improve glycemic control. The proposed modules are evaluated in silico and contrasted with the original hyper and hypoglycemia modules of the ARG.