Multidimensional Evaluation of Agrivoltaic Systems to Enhance Crop Resilience in Arid Climates of Souther Arequipa-Peru
摘要
Agrivoltaic systems are a technology that involves the installation of solar panels at a certain height above the ground with the purpose of combining solar energy production with agriculture. These systems are of great interest in the southern region of Peru, which is characterized by its arid and dry climate with abundant solar irradiation throughout the seasons. In this study, the use of an agrivoltaic system for the cultivation of Raphanus sativus was investigated. To conduct the research, specialized hardware was developed to measure and monitor various agricultural parameters, such as soil moisture, macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), soil pH, and electrical conductivity. Different shading levels were evaluated by adjusting the solar panel angles at study angles of 10° (area 2), 50° (area 1), and a control group exposed to direct sunlight (area 3). The results revealed that the reduction of solar radiation under the agrivoltaic system had a positive impact on soil moisture, water evaporation, and consequently, water consumption, as well as on soil parameters. This created more favorable conditions for the growth of radishes compared to full sunlight conditions. This study highlights the potential of agrivoltaic systems as an effective strategy to enhance crop resilience to climate change. The ability to provide shade to plants, reduce exposure to direct solar radiation, and improve soil conditions without compromising renewable energy production makes them a valuable option, especially in regions with limited water supply and persistent water stress. Ultimately, this approach promises a more sustainable and efficient way of practicing agriculture.